The terms rape and sexual assault are used to differentiate between two different offences. Sexual violence is a general term that is used to describe any kind of unwanted sexual act or activity. The legal definition of rape is 'penetration with a penis of the vagina, anus or mouth of another person without their consent'.

The legal definition of sexual assault by penetration is ‘penetration of another person's vagina or anus with any part of the body other than the penis, or with any object, without their consent’. This crime carries the same sentences as rape.

In law, sexual consent is when we agree by choice, and have the freedom and capacity to make that choice. A person must reasonably believe that another person consents. If a person is unsure they should check before continuing. No person should ever assume that you want to have sex with them because it has happened before or you usually say yes.

Consenting to a dance or kiss, going somewhere with another person or being still and quiet and not fighting the person off are not the same as consenting to sex. A person cannot give their consent when they are:

●    Threatened or scared

●    Bullied

●    Very drunk or under the influence of drugs

●    Asleep 

Not all incidents of rape and sexual assault involve violence, cause physical injury or leave any marks, but all incidents can cause severe distress, emotional harm and injuries which cannot be seen.

Sexual or indecent assault is an act of physical, psychological or emotional violation in the form of a sexual act, inflicted without consent. Sometimes it can involve manipulating or forcing another person to participate or witness sexual acts.

The effects of rape and sexual assault vary but can include:

●    Depression

●    Flashbacks

●    Post-traumatic stress disorder

●    Self-harm

●    Substance abuse

●    Dissociation

●    Panic attacks

●    Eating disorders

●    Sleep disorders

●    Suicidal plans or suicidal thoughts

It is important to report sexual abuse as soon as you can, however, if you do not feel comfortable with this yet there are a number of ways to seek help.

●    Lincolnshire Rape Crisis https://www.lincolnshirerapecrisis.org.uk/, call 0800 33 4 55 00 or email support@lincolnshirerapecrisis.org.uk

●    Victim Support. https://www.victimsupport.org.uk/help-and-support/get-help/support-near-you/east-midlands/lincolnshire, call 01522 2947510 (8am - 4pm) or call the supportline on 08 08 16 89 111 or you can request support through their website 24/7 live chat

●    Spring Lodge. https://www.lpft.nhs.uk/spring-lodge/home, call 01522 524402 or email lpft.springlodge@nhs.net

●    EDAN Lincs https://edanlincs.org.uk/, call 01522 510041 or email info.secure@edanlincs.cjsm.net

We also have counsellors who specialise in working with those affected by sexual abuse. Click here/call us.

Sometimes an individual might not believe they are being sexually abused or exploited. With the more recent emergence of revenge porn and pornography becoming readily available online - people are becoming more exposed to graphic sexual acts and sometimes violence. It is important to understand that any sexual act, without consent, is sexual abuse. Even when in consensual relationships.

 When a child is forced or tricked into engaging in any sexual activity, this is sexual abuse. There are 2 types of sexual abuse, contact and non-contact and it can happen in person or online. Children do not always understand that what is happening is wrong, or that it is abuse and are often afraid to tell anyone.

Contact abuse is when an abuser makes physical contact with a child and can include:

●    Sexual touching of any part of a child’s body, with or without clothes

●    Kissing, touching or oral sex

●    Using a body part or object to rape or penetrate a child

●    Forcing a child to take part in sexual activities

●    Making a child undress or touch someone else

Non-contact abuse is where the child is abused without physical contact. It can include:

●    Being shown pornography

●    Exposing or flashing

●    Exposing a child to sexual acts

●    Forcing them to masturbate

●    Forcing a child to view, make or share child abuse images or videos

Forcing a child to take part in conversations or sexual activities online or over the phone

When a child is sexually abused, they may not understand what is happening to them, and therefore not disclose to an adult or anyone else. There are some signs of sexual abuse to look out for including:

●    Being frightened or people/person they know

●    Avoiding being alone with people/person

●    Using language or sexual behaviour you wouldn’t expect them to know

●    Night-terrors or bedwetting

●    Alcohol or drug misuse

●    Self-harming

●    Developing eating problems or changes to their eating habits

●    Mood swings, feeling irritable or angry

Some physical signs of sexual abuse can include bruises, bleeding, discharge or pains in their genital or anal area, sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections or pregnancy.

If a child is being abused online, they might:

●    Be spending more or less time than normal online, gaming, texting or using social media

●    Become distant, angry or upset after using the internet

●    Be secretive about who they are talking do or what they are doing online

●    Have a lot of phone numbers, texts or email addresses on their phone, laptop or tablet

Sometimes a child might drop hints about abuse, if you are worried it might be a good idea to talk to your child. Starting a difficult conversation like this can be difficult. It is important to find the right time to talk. Avoid evenings, as children are likely to be tired at that time of day. If possible try and have the conversation when siblings are not around to interrupt. Try to pick a neutral, relaxed place so that the child feels at ease. Try not to be too forceful to avoid making the child feel scared or worried.